Combine flour, brown sugar, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, sugar, and salt in a large bowl. Make sure there are no lumps. Add the oats.
In a separate bowl, whisk together with a fork the buttermilk, egg, melted butter, and mashed banana.
Make a well in the centre of the dry ingredients and pour the wet ingredients into the well. Stir with a wooden spoon until only just combined. You should still see small flecks of flour in the batter.
Toss the blueberries in 1 teaspoon of flour and gently stir into the muffin batter.
Spoon the muffin batter into the lined muffin cups right to the very top. Sprinkle the oat topping over the batter.
Bake the muffins for 5 minutes at 425°F (220°C), then lower the temperature to 350°F (180°C) without opening the door to bake for another 15 minutes. Check for doneness by inserting a toothpick into the centre of the muffin. It should come out clean.
Allow the muffins to cool for 10 minutes in the muffin tin then remove to a cooling rack to cool further.